Cystitis, or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, is, unfortunately, one of the most common urogenital disorders of the beautiful half of humanity.According to data that the World Health Organization (WHO) leads to 50% of women to transfer cystitis in one form or another during their lives (among men this figure does not exceed 1%!), With 10-15% of patients is diagnosed with chronic cystitis.And this statistics, according to WHO forecasts, will grow in terms of incidence every year.Why is this disorder in women more often than in men, and is it possible to avoid cystitis and its relapses?
Physiology and nothing but
80% of those who have addressed the doctor with the diagnosis of “cystitis” - representatives of the fair sex, so cystitis is often called female disease.The “guilt” of this is the anatomical characteristics of the body: the urethra (urethra) in women is shorter and wide than in men.In addition, the vagina and the anus are located close to the urethra, which creates suitable conditions for “settlement” and the reproduction of aggressive microorganisms in the bladder and urethra.
The causes of cystitis
Factors that cause cystitis are divided into Infectious And non -infectious.The causative agents of the first are E. coli, chlamydia, ureaplasma or yeast -like mushrooms of the genus Candida.These microorganisms can fall into the bladder from the outside or from the inside, more often with a blood flow, lymph from the focus of the inflammatory process in the kidneys or genitals.TO non -infectious reasons Criminals in the immune system, metabolism and the production of hormones, impaired nervous system, allergies, the consequences of radiation therapy and some other conditions and disorders.
Urologists also call such predisposing cystitis factors as:
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hypothermia;
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“Frivolous” wardrobe: wearing clothes that opens the stomach and lower back in the cool season;wearing tight things, tights, underwear;
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sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work (hypodynamia);
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random sex life, unprotected sexual contacts;
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non -compliance with the rules of personal, including intimate, hygiene;
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violation of emptying (the presence of residual urine in the bladder);
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hypovitaminosis;
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frequent stress, overwork, lack of sleep;
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chronic diseases of other organs and systems, especially the genitourinary system;
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menopause, diabetes mellitus;
- The love of very spicy, spicy, very fried food (its ingredients act on the walls of the bladder irritating).
Symptoms of cystitis
Cystitis, in contrast to the syndrome of the hyperactive bladder (these disorders are often confused), like any internal inflammatory process, proceeds quite painfully.It is accompanied by frequent, including night, calling to the toilet, a burning sensation, pain when urinating and after emptying, a constant feeling of overflow of the bladder and slightly elevated body temperature.The urine has a muddy urine, sometimes with an admixture of blood and mucus.
Forms of cystitis
By the nature of the course of the disease, cystitis is divided into spicy And chronic.Acute cystitis begins suddenly, declaring itself with frequent campaigns in the restroom (sometimes every 20-30 minutes), a slightly elevated body temperature and painful sensations in the area of the bladder and perineum.If the inflammatory process rises higher to the kidneys, then the temperature grows to the dangerous 39–40 degrees Celsius.Chronic cystitis proceeds with the same symptoms, but weaker than pronounced, while exacerbations of acute cystitis are possible.As a disorder, chronic cystitis is secondary: the cause of its occurrence becomes any other disease of the genitourinary system or kidneys.
Diagnosis and treatment of cystitis
Both are the prerogative of the doctor, urologist or gynecologist.It is better not to engage in self -medication with cystitis, otherwise it can go into a chronic form.Diagnosis of the disease includes a general blood test (to detect signs of the inflammatory process in the body), general and biochemical analysis of urine, urine analysis for bacteriological sowing (to detect the causative agent of infection).An ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys, the smear for the study of the vaginal microflora, can also be prescribed - the study of urine flow, cystoscopy - inspection of the inner surface of the bladder using a special catheter with an optical and lighting systems, which is introduced through the urethra.
Treatment of cystitis involves:
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Non -drug methods: physiotherapy, sparing diet, sitting baths and diuretic herbal collections;
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Medicine therapy: analgesics, antibiotics as prescribed by the attending physician;
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surgery (in particularly complex, advanced cases).
In the chronic form of cystitis, treatment will be carried out taking into account therapy of the underlying disease, for example, infection of the genital tract.Also, patients with cystitis are prescribed medical and preventive measures that strengthen immunity.
Cystitis prevention
Knowing the predisposing factors of the development of cystitis, it is easy to understand what the recommendations of experts will be: to fight stress, to sleep, to exclude the likelihood of hypothermia, to improve the diet and drink more pure non -carbonated water and freshly prepared acidic juices and fruit drinks.Also, in the list of advice of the doctor, a reminder will necessarily observe personal hygiene and abandon the uncomfortable body of tight clothing and cramped linen - these things worsen blood circulation in the pelvis. Timely seeking a doctor when the disturbing symptoms also is of paramount importance.Women and in the absence of complaints are recommended to undergo a preventive examination of the gynecologist twice a year.
Excellent health!